The spatial distribution of snails was clustered, with few sites accounting for most of the snails. ![]() Out of 1,059 snails collected, 407 (38.4%) were putatively identified as Biomphalaria sudanica, 425 (40.1%) as Biomphalaria pfeifferi and 227 (21.5%) as Bulinus globosus. ![]() Vegetation cover and presence of algal mass at the sites was recorded, and the physico-chemical characteristics of the water including pH and temperature were determined using a pH meter with a glass electrode and a temperature probe. Cercaria shedding was determined from snails and species of snails identified based on shell morphology. ![]() Surveyed sites were mapped using a geographical information system. ![]() Based on observations of high prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni infection in schools within the informal settlements of Kisumu City, a follow-up malacological survey incorporating 81 sites within 6 informal settlements of the City was conducted to determine the presence of intermediate host snails and ascertain whether active transmission was occurring within these areas. Although schistosomiasis is generally considered a rural phenomenon, infections have been reported within urban settings.
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